Linux Command Line: CDPATH

CDPATH: Easily Navigate Directories in the Terminal

The CDPATH environment variable lets you pre-configure frequently used directories so you can easily navigate into them from anywhere in your file system. This blog post shows how it works and how to use it.

2 min read
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TL;DR: Set CDPATH with your most important or frequently used parent directories, and you can directly cd into them or their subdirectories no matter where you are in the file system. You don’t have to type the full path anymore.

You know about the PATH environment variable. Did you know about CDPATH? If you’ve been typing long cd commands like me, this post is for you.

I came across this gem while reading Daniel Barrett’s Efficient Linux at the Command Line. It instructs the cd command to search for the directory you specify in locations other than your current directory.

A cd search path works like your command search path $PATH. However, instead of finding commands, it finds the subdirectories. You can configure it with the shell variable CDPATH, and it has the same format as the PATH variable: a list of directories separated by colons.

Set this variable in your ~/.zshconfig or ~/.bashrc file to include the directories you visit most frequently.

export CDPATH=$HOME:$HOME/software:$HOME/software/ruby:$HOME/software/rails:$HOME/software/youtube

Now, whenever you want to cd into a directory, the shell will look through all the above places in addition to the current directory.

What’s more, the search is lightning fast. It looks only in parent directories that you specify and nothing else.

For example, let’s say you have a $HOME/software/blog directory and you’ve configured the CDPATH to include the $HOME/software directory.

Now, if you type cd blog from anywhere in the filesystem, the cd command will take you to the $HOME/software/blog directory, unless it finds another blog directory in another pre-configured path.

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The order of CDPATH matters. If two directories in $CDPATH have a subdirectory named blog, the earlier parent wins.

In the above example, cd will check the existence of the following directories in order, until it finds one or it fails.

  1. in the current directory
  2. $HOME/software/blog
  3. $HOME/software/ruby/blog
  4. $HOME/software/rails/blog
  5. $HOME/software/youtube/blog

Trust me, this is pretty freaking cool. It has changed the way I use the shell.

P.S. Don't overdo it. If you put too many directories with common names into CDPATH and export it, it might break your scripts.

That's a wrap. I hope you found this article helpful and you learned something new.

As always, if you have any questions or feedback, didn't understand something, or found a mistake, please leave a comment below or send me an email. I reply to all emails I get from developers, and I look forward to hearing from you.

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Akshay Khot

I run an independent software consultancy specializing in Ruby on Rails. This blog is my attempt to spread the joy of programming in Ruby and building web apps in Rails with the world.